IKS[ indian knowledge system]

Name of collage:- Maharani shree nandkuvarba arts & commerce College 

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba dasharathsinh

Year:- S.Y.B.A

Subject:-English 

Paper name : (indian knowledge system)

                                    

Date :- 25/ 8/26 

Professor name:- Rachna ma' am 

Home Assignment 🏡: 

Dhvani Theory :

The concept / theory of dhvani:- 

■ Definition  = 

Dhvani Theory was given by "Anandvardhan" in the 9th sanctuary. It says that the hidden or suggested meaning of a poem is more important than it's direct meaning. 

■ main idea 💡:- 

Dhvani 🎵: suggested or hidden meaning 

A good poem does not only say something directly; it also gives a deeper meaning. 

"Dhavanyaloka":

The famous book written by anandvardhan it explains the importance of dhvani in poetry ✨️ 

Types of dhvani:

1.Vastu Dhvani : 

Suggests an idea or message 

2. Alankara Dhvani : 

Suggestes a figure of speech 

3.Rasa dhvani :

Suggests emotions or feelings 

Dhvani Theory in indian poetics : 

Dhvani Theory is one of the most important theories of Indian poetics. The word “Dhvani” means suggestion, resonance, or implied meaning. This theory was developed by Anandavardhana, a famous Sanskrit literary critic, in his important work Dhvanyaloka

According to Anandavardhana, the beauty of poetry does not depend only on the direct meaning of words. A good poem can also suggest a deeper meaning that is not directly expressed. This suggested meaning creates emotions, imagination, and aesthetic pleasure in the reader.

For example, if someone says, “The lamp is still burning at the window,” the direct meaning is simply that a lamp is burning. But particular context, it may suggest that someone is waiting for a loved one. This deeper, suggested meaning is called Dhvani.

In short: Dhvani is the meaning that is suggested rather than directly expressed. 

Main idea of dhvani theory : 

 ● Anandvardhan believed that dhvani is the soul of poetry 

●  He explains that poetry can have three levels of meaning 

1 ) The expressed/direct meaning 

2) The suggested meaning 

3) The aesthetic feelings of rasa 

 

The suggested meaning is often more important than the literal meaning because it allows the reader to experience deeper emotions 

Class Assignment :- 

Vakrokti Theory :

● Kuntaka in his book "vakrokti -jivitam" emphasised extra worldly statement. Vakrokti means  वैदग्धय भंगी भनिति. In a way it is born out of poetic proficiency. That means statements strikingly different from the loka - varta named as it.It is connected with the theory of aesthetic.

■ Introduction :- 

“शब्दार्थसहितौ वक्रौ कविव्यापारशालिनौ। 

 बन्धे व़यव्यवस्थितौ कावंय तद्विदांह्लादकारिणौ॥”

● kuntaka's Vakroktijitam

● 4 chapters - unmesha

● Vakrokti means वैदग्धय भंगी भनिति.

● statements strikingly different from the loka- varta .

✨️ હું ચાહું છું સુંદર ચીજ ಸૃષ્ટિની

 અને જે અસુંદર કરી મુકુ, સુંદર, ચાહી ચાહી.

●Only learned men can enjoy the real essence of the poetry. 

■ Types of Vakrokti-

● Varṇa-vinyāsa-vakratā (वर्णविन्यासवक्रता)

It means beauty created through the arrangement of sounds or letters. Repetition of particular sounds makes poetry attractive.

Example: Alliteration.

● Pada-pūrvārdha-vakratā (पदपूर्वार्धवक्रता)

It means special or unusual use of the first part of a word. The poet gives an ordinary word a fresh or artistic expression.

● Pada-parārdha-vakratā (पदपरार्धवक्रता)

It refers to beauty created through the grammatical or secondary part of a word, such as tense, number, case, person

 ● Vākya-vakratā (वाक्यवक्रता)

It means beauty in the construction of a sentence. The poet expresses an idea in an unusual, imaginative, or artistic way.

● Prakaraṇa-vakratā (प्रकरणवक्रता)

It means beauty in the arrangement and treatment of a particular episode or section of a literary work. The poet presents an incident in an interesting and creative manner.

● Prabandha-vakratā (प्रबन्धवक्रता)

It refers to beauty in the overall structure and composition of the entire literary work, such as a poem, epic, or drama.