AEC

Home Assignment:- 

Explain the role of active and passive voice in day - to - day life and prepare sentences as per the rules. 

● Role of active and passive :- 

Active and passive voice play an important role in our day-to-day communication. Active voice focuses on the person who performs an action and makes sentences clear, direct, and natural. 

 Passive voice focuses on the action or the person/thing receiving the action and is often used when the doer is unknown, unimportant, or when the action is more important. It is commonly found in notices, news reports, formal writing, and official communication. Thus, both voices help us express ideas clearly and appropriately according to the situation.

■ Make the paragraph shorter

■ Use simpler words throughout

■ Add one simple example

Sentences:- 

1. Simple Present Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + V1 + Object

Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by her.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object

Passive: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by her.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

Passive: Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by her.

4. Simple Past Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + V2 + Object

Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by her.

5. Past Continuous Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + was/were + V-ing + Object

Passive: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by her.

6. Past Perfect Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + had + V3 + Object

Passive: Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by her.

7. Simple Future Tense

Rule: Active: Subject + will + V1 + Object

Passive: Object + will + be + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by her.

8. Modal Verbs

Rule: Active: Subject + modal + V1 + Object

Passive: Object + modal + be + V3 + by + Subject

Active: She can write a letter.

Passive: A letter can be written by her.

9. Imperative Sentence

Rule: Let + Object + be + V3

Active: Open the door.

Passive: Let the door be opened.

10. Negative Sentence

Active: She does not write a letter.

Passive: A letter is not written by her.

11. Interrogative Sentence

Active: Did she write a letter?

Passive: Was a letter written by her?

Important: In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject, and the main verb changes to its third form (V3).

Major-7

 Name of collage:- Maharani shree nandkuvarba arts & commerce College 

Name : Gohil shreyaba 

Year : SY ( sem - 3) 

Subject : English 

Paper name : major - 7 

Date : 7/9/2026 

Professor name: Aamena mam 

■ Home Assignment 🏡 

Match the words:- 

📚 Match the Words According to Their Parts of Speech

“Match the Words According to Their Parts of Speech” is an English language activity in which students identify the part of speech of each word and match it with the correct category.

🌟 What are Parts of Speech?

Parts of Speech are the different categories of words based on the work they do in a sentence. The main parts of speech are: 

Noun

Name of a person, place, animal, or thing

school, Riya, book

Pronoun

Used instead of a noun

he, she, they, it

Verb

Shows an action or state

run, eat, is

Adjective

Describes a noun/pronoun

beautiful, tall, red

Adverb

Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb

quickly, very, slowly

Preposition

Shows relationship between words

in, on, under, near

Conjunction

Joins words or sentences

and, but, because

Interjection

Expresses sudden feeling

Wow!, Oh!, Hurrah!

✏️ Example of Matching

Column A – Words

Beautiful

Run

School

Quickly

And

Wow!

Column B – Parts of Speech

A. Noun

B. Verb

C. Adjective

D. Adverb

E. Conjunction

F. Interjection

Answers:

1 → C (Adjective)

2 → B (Verb)

3 → A (Noun)

4 → D (Adverb)

5 → E (Conjunction)

6 → F (Interjection)

🎯 Purpose of the Activity

This activity helps students:

Identify different parts of speech.

Improve grammar and vocabulary.

Understand how words function in sentences.

Develop better sentence formation skills.

Make learning English more interactive and interesting.

 ■ Class Assignment: 

• Translation of news report : 

📰 English News Report

India Records Strong Foreign Exchange Inflows

New Delhi, September 2, 2026:

India has received a major boost to its foreign exchange reserves, with inflows of around $136.38 billion through special foreign-currency schemes. India’s foreign exchange reserves reached a record $729.33 billion as of August 21, 2026.

The large inflows are expected to strengthen India’s ability to manage pressure on the Indian rupee caused by global economic conditions. The Reserve Bank of India has also taken steps to manage the increased inflow of foreign currency.

Economists said that while the higher reserves provide greater financial stability, the additional liquidity in the banking system will also need to be managed carefully.

The development is being viewed as an important step in strengthening India’s external financial position.

— Reported by Staff Reporter

📰 ગુજરાતી સમાચાર અહેવાલ

ભારતમાં વિદેશી હૂંડિયામણના પ્રવાહમાં મોટો વધારો

નવી દિલ્હી, 2 સપ્ટેમ્બર, 2026:

ભારતના વિદેશી હૂંડિયામણના ભંડારમાં નોંધપાત્ર વધારો થયો છે. વિશેષ વિદેશી ચલણ યોજનાઓ દ્વારા ભારતમાં આશરે 136.38 અબજ ડોલરનો વિદેશી ચલણ પ્રવાહ આવ્યો છે. 21 ઓગસ્ટ, 2026 સુધીમાં ભારતનું વિદેશી હૂંડિયામણ ભંડાર વધીને રેકોર્ડ 729.33 અબજ ડોલર થયું છે.

આ વધારાથી વૈશ્વિક આર્થિક પરિસ્થિતિના કારણે ભારતીય રૂપિયો પર આવતા દબાણનો સામનો કરવામાં મદદ મળી શકે છે. ભારતીય રિઝર્વ બેંકે વધેલા વિદેશી ચલણના પ્રવાહને યોગ્ય રીતે સંચાલિત કરવા માટે જરૂરી પગલાં લીધાં છે.

અર્થશાસ્ત્રીઓના મતે, વિદેશી હૂંડિયામણના ઊંચા ભંડારથી દેશની નાણાકીય સ્થિરતા મજબૂત થઈ શકે છે, જોકે બેન્કિંગ વ્યવસ્થામાં વધેલી નાણાંની ઉપલબ્ધતાનું યોગ્ય સંચાલન કરવું જરૂરી રહેશે.

આ વિકાસને ભારતની બાહ્ય નાણાકીય સ્થિતિને મજબૂત બનાવતી મહત્વપૂર્ણ સિદ્ધિ તરીકે જોવામાં આવી રહ્યો છે.

— સ્ટાફ રિપોર્ટર

 ■ Essay 

🌱 English: The Honest Boy

Once there was a poor boy named Ravi. One day, he found a wallet on the road. It contained some money and an identity card.

Ravi wanted to keep the money, but he remembered his parents’ advice to always be honest. He used the identity card to find the owner and returned the wallet.

The owner was very happy and thanked Ravi. He offered him a reward, but Ravi politely refused.

Moral: Honesty is always the best policy.

🌼 Hindi: ईमानदार लड़का

एक बार रवि नाम का एक गरीब लड़का था। एक दिन उसे रास्ते में एक बटुआ मिला। उसमें कुछ पैसे और एक पहचान पत्र था।

रवि पैसे रखना चाहता था, लेकिन उसे अपने माता-पिता की सीख याद आई कि हमेशा ईमानदार रहना चाहिए। उसने पहचान पत्र की मदद से बटुए के मालिक को खोजा और बटुआ वापस कर दिया।

मालिक बहुत खुश हुआ और उसने रवि को धन्यवाद दिया। उसने रवि को इनाम देना चाहा, लेकिन रवि ने विनम्रता से मना कर दिया।

सीख: ईमानदारी हमेशा सबसे अच्छी नीति है।

IKS[ indian knowledge system]

Name of collage:- Maharani shree nandkuvarba arts & commerce College 

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba dasharathsinh

Year:- S.Y.B.A

Subject:-English 

Paper name : (indian knowledge system)

                                    

Date :- 25/ 8/26 

Professor name:- Rachna ma' am 

Home Assignment 🏡: 

Dhvani Theory :

The concept / theory of dhvani:- 

■ Definition  = 

Dhvani Theory was given by "Anandvardhan" in the 9th sanctuary. It says that the hidden or suggested meaning of a poem is more important than it's direct meaning. 

■ main idea 💡:- 

Dhvani 🎵: suggested or hidden meaning 

A good poem does not only say something directly; it also gives a deeper meaning. 

"Dhavanyaloka":

The famous book written by anandvardhan it explains the importance of dhvani in poetry ✨️ 

Types of dhvani:

1.Vastu Dhvani : 

Suggests an idea or message 

2. Alankara Dhvani : 

Suggestes a figure of speech 

3.Rasa dhvani :

Suggests emotions or feelings 

Dhvani Theory in indian poetics : 

Dhvani Theory is one of the most important theories of Indian poetics. The word “Dhvani” means suggestion, resonance, or implied meaning. This theory was developed by Anandavardhana, a famous Sanskrit literary critic, in his important work Dhvanyaloka

According to Anandavardhana, the beauty of poetry does not depend only on the direct meaning of words. A good poem can also suggest a deeper meaning that is not directly expressed. This suggested meaning creates emotions, imagination, and aesthetic pleasure in the reader.

For example, if someone says, “The lamp is still burning at the window,” the direct meaning is simply that a lamp is burning. But particular context, it may suggest that someone is waiting for a loved one. This deeper, suggested meaning is called Dhvani.

In short: Dhvani is the meaning that is suggested rather than directly expressed. 

Main idea of dhvani theory : 

 ● Anandvardhan believed that dhvani is the soul of poetry 

●  He explains that poetry can have three levels of meaning 

1 ) The expressed/direct meaning 

2) The suggested meaning 

3) The aesthetic feelings of rasa 

 

The suggested meaning is often more important than the literal meaning because it allows the reader to experience deeper emotions 

Class Assignment :- 

Vakrokti Theory :

● Kuntaka in his book "vakrokti -jivitam" emphasised extra worldly statement. Vakrokti means  वैदग्धय भंगी भनिति. In a way it is born out of poetic proficiency. That means statements strikingly different from the loka - varta named as it.It is connected with the theory of aesthetic.

■ Introduction :- 

“शब्दार्थसहितौ वक्रौ कविव्यापारशालिनौ। 

 बन्धे व़यव्यवस्थितौ कावंय तद्विदांह्लादकारिणौ॥”

● kuntaka's Vakroktijitam

● 4 chapters - unmesha

● Vakrokti means वैदग्धय भंगी भनिति.

● statements strikingly different from the loka- varta .

✨️ હું ચાહું છું સુંદર ચીજ ಸૃષ્ટિની

 અને જે અસુંદર કરી મુકુ, સુંદર, ચાહી ચાહી.

●Only learned men can enjoy the real essence of the poetry. 

■ Types of Vakrokti-

● Varṇa-vinyāsa-vakratā (वर्णविन्यासवक्रता)

It means beauty created through the arrangement of sounds or letters. Repetition of particular sounds makes poetry attractive.

Example: Alliteration.

● Pada-pūrvārdha-vakratā (पदपूर्वार्धवक्रता)

It means special or unusual use of the first part of a word. The poet gives an ordinary word a fresh or artistic expression.

● Pada-parārdha-vakratā (पदपरार्धवक्रता)

It refers to beauty created through the grammatical or secondary part of a word, such as tense, number, case, person

 ● Vākya-vakratā (वाक्यवक्रता)

It means beauty in the construction of a sentence. The poet expresses an idea in an unusual, imaginative, or artistic way.

● Prakaraṇa-vakratā (प्रकरणवक्रता)

It means beauty in the arrangement and treatment of a particular episode or section of a literary work. The poet presents an incident in an interesting and creative manner.

● Prabandha-vakratā (प्रबन्धवक्रता)

It refers to beauty in the overall structure and composition of the entire literary work, such as a poem, epic, or drama.

SEC ( Importance of life skills)

Name of collage:- Maharani shree nandkuvarba arts & commerce College

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba  

Year:- FY.BA (Sem-2 )  

Paper name :- SEC :- Importance of life skills               

Date :- 3/2/2026

Professor name:- Aamena mam 

Major - 4

 

Name of college:- Maharani shri nandkuvarba arts & commerce College

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba dasharathsinh

Year:- FY.BA (Sem-2)

Subject:-English        

 Paper name : proficiency in english literature - 2

 Professor name :- shivani mam    

AEC ( Ability enhance cources)

 Name of collage:- Maharani shree nandkuvarba arts & commerce College 

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba 

Year:- FY.BA (Sem-2) 

Subject:-English 

Paper name : AEC (Abilities enhance course)                            

Date :- 3/ 3/26 

Professor name:- Shivani mam 

VAC:- Environmental studies or awareness ( IKS)

 Name of college:- Maharani shri  nandkuvarba arts & commerce College 

Name:- Gohil Shreyaba dasharathsinh

Year:- FY.BA (Sem-2)

Subject:-English        

 Paper name :  VAC - Environment Studies          

          Professor name :- Rachana ma'am          

Date :